From plant stems to bacterial shells, cell walls are far more than rigid barriers—they’re living, adapting structures. Scientists are uncovering how they maintain shape, remodel themselves, and even ...

The plant cell wall functions not only as a physical barrier to microbial invasion but also as a dynamic interface that senses damage and orchestrates defence responses. Composed primarily of ...

Cell walls are a crucial structure of plant life, protecting cells from damage, giving plants shape, and containing ...