Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) circuits form a critical component in modern digital communication systems, where the accurate extraction of timing information from data streams is paramount. These ...

At a specific characteristic wavelength (such as 1310 nm for a single-mode fiber, or 850 nm for a multimode fiber), there are three main types of modulation schemes for modern fiber-optic transmission ...

High-speed serial technology relies on its ability to recover a data-rate clock from logic transitions. Not only does this “embedded clocking” eliminate the need for an extra lane to carry a clock ...