Flowering seed plants (angiosperms) have evolved unique ways to protect their gametes from pathogen attack and from drying out. The female gametes (egg and central cell) are deeply embedded in the ...

Researchers led by Dr. LI Hongju from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have revealed that the female gamete in flowering plants controls ...

Double fertilization appears to have evolved as a product of change directly related to an accelerated rate and timing of reproduction. In this review, the focus is on the angiosperm male gametophyte, ...

Mark Johnson, associate professor of biology, has joined a consortium of seven other researchers in four European countries to develop the fullest understanding yet of how fertilization evolved in ...