When we look at the solid ground beneath our feet, it's easy to assume Earth has always been this way. But our planet tells a story so extraordinary, so ...

There are many open questions about how our planet formed 4.55 billion years ago: When did plate tectonics start? When did the Earth's mantle begin to vigorously circulate in a process called ...

What if we told you that your entire understanding of time is about to be shattered? Human beings are notoriously bad at comprehending vast scales—whether ...

Around 2.3 billion years ago, the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) marked a major turning point in Earth’s history. The increase ...

Scientists still have many questions about the earliest years of our planet. Earth formed about 4.55 billion years ago, but almost no rocks from that time have survived. Without those ancient rocks, ...

Earth is fortunate in having a magnetic field: it protects the planet and its life from harmful cosmic radiation. Other planets in our solar system—such as Mars—are constantly bombarded by charged ...

Fresh evidence suggests early Earth wasn’t locked under a rigid stagnant lid but was already experiencing intense subduction. Ancient melt inclusions and advanced simulations point to continents ...