In this first of a four-part series, the authors provide an introduction to a practical approach for establishing specification equivalence. The regulatory basis and compliance examples from FDA ...

The Unified Patent Court (UPC) recently issued its first decision, in case UPC_CFI_239/2023, addressing infringement by equivalence. The patent in suit (EP2137782) was determined not to be infringed ...

Yield equivalence is a concept in financial analysis that facilitates the comparison of yields between different types of debt securities, even if they have varying payment frequencies or structures.

In a test of equivalence, a treatment mean and a reference mean are compared to each other. Equivalence is taken to be the alternative hypothesis, and the null hypothesis is nonequivalence. The model ...

At the heart of Einstein’s theory of gravity (general relativity) is the equivalence principle. The equivalence principle says that there is no difference between being stationary and subject to ...

“Both sides got us into this mess” sounds neutral, but it’s actually taking a side–or, at least, adopting the framing that one side is counting on using to a political end. Reality doesn’t always have ...