Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Robert Kelly is managing director of XTS ...

Let's face it: Even the best budgets can't always predict your actual expenses. Things happen. Unexpected costs arise. That's life. That's why it's so useful to review your budget after a project is ...

Productivity is a catch-all term describing the amounts of work done in an organization, whether by employees, work groups, departments or the company as a whole. Depending on the job or industry, ...

Your income statement shows you how much money you received during the year and how much money you paid out in expenses during the year. Before you get to your net profit, you need to include your ...

If you are using Microsoft Excel to manage numerical data, at some point you're inevitably going to display percentages. Doing so can give you a new insight, or make summarizing heaps of data a bit ...

Calculate annual % change by dividing start by end value, raising to inverse years, minus one, times 100. Ex: a drop from $15M to $10M over 2 years is a 18.4% average annual decline. This calculation ...

Let's face it: Even the best budgets can't always predict your actual expenses. Things happen. Unexpected costs arise. That's life. That's why it's so useful to review your budget after a project is ...

Review budgets post-project to understand expense variances and improve forecasting. Calculate over-budget percentages by subtracting budgeted amounts from actual costs. Analyze specific items in your ...