Both in the mathematical sense and in the business world, an independent variable is one that stands alone and is not affected by outside forces. When it comes to evaluating cost in business, ...

A variable is an event, idea, value or some other object or category that a researcher or business can measure. Variables can be dependent or independent. Dependent variables vary by the factors that ...

Introduces methods of complex variables, contour integration, and theory of residues. Applications include solving partial differential equations by transform methods, Fourier and Laplace transforms, ...