Centrifugal contactors represent an advanced class of equipment optimising liquid–liquid extraction through the use of centrifugal forces to enhance mass transfer between immiscible phases. These ...

Running samples on any chromatography instrument involves sample preparation as a fundamental process. For even the highest quality instruments, sample clean-up is crucial in obtaining the best ...

Particular types of samples, such as those containing detergent, may create emulsions when doing an oil-in-water extraction into a solvent. The boundary between the sample and the solvent will have an ...