Liquid-liquid extraction columns are pivotal in a range of industrial applications, from nuclear fuel reprocessing to hydrometallurgy and environmental remediation. These systems operate by contacting ...

Centrifugal contactors represent an advanced class of equipment optimising liquid–liquid extraction through the use of centrifugal forces to enhance mass transfer between immiscible phases. These ...

Liquid metal refers to a class of metallic materials that remain in a liquid state at or near room temperature. These materials possess unique properties, such as high electrical and thermal ...