Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is an efficient, minimally-invasive, gold standard procedure used for removing large kidney stones. Creating an access from the skin on the back to the ...

Background. A 32-year-old man was referred to a tertiary care center for stone management. The patient had initially presented to his primary physician 3 months earlier with right flank pain of 2 ...

Kidney stones send more than 500,000 people to the emergency room each year, according to The National Kidney Foundation, and it is estimated that one in 10 people will have a kidney stone at some ...

Figure 1: Coronal, axial, and sagital cuts from a computed tomography scan demonstrating 6cm lower pole R renal mass R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Score of 2+2+3+x+2=9x in a patient with significant renal ...