Heavy Steel Frames: Fabricated from hot-rolled steel sections, heavy steel frames are significantly thicker—often above 6 mm—and heavier. They are used in buildings where high load-bearing capacity is ...

Keywords: hybrid simulation, collapse assessment, steel moment frames, steel gravity frames, integration methods, substructuring technique Abstract: This report presents two series of hybrid ...

For over a century, wood pole structures have been used to support overhead powerlines. Over time, as the utility industry expanded, the basic wood pole structure has evolved, but regardless of ...

During the 1850s, due to the manufacturing processes being developed in Britain by Sir Henry Bessemer, it became possible – in theory – to produce sufficient steel of adequate quality to make it an ...