Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

It has long been known that the simple combination of a depletion-mode MOSFET (and before these were available, a JFET) and a resistor made a simple, serviceable current source such as that seen on ...

Part 1 of this series focuses on high-performance electronic loads for testing power supplies that have low output voltage and high current. It describes the necessity for special electronic loads, ...

Designed specifically for high-voltage sensing, a new generation of optically isolated amplifiers make monitoring and system protection circuits more accurate and easier to design. These iso-amps can ...